Alcohol and Drug Dependency
Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug and or alcohol seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is considered a brain disease because drugs and alcoholism change the brain – they change its structure and how it works. These brain changes can be long lasting, and can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who abuse drugs and alcohol.
- To feel good. Most abused drugs produce intense feelings of pleasure. This initial sensation of euphoria is followed by other effects, which differ with the type of drug used. For example, with stimulants such as cocaine and crack, the “high” is followed by feelings of power, self-confidence, and increased energy. In contrast, the euphoria caused by opiates such as heroin is followed by feelings of relaxation and contentment.
- To feel better. Some people who suffer from anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depression begin abusing drugs and alcohol in an attempt to lessen feelings of suffering and distress. This is sometimes referred to as “self-medication.” Stress can play a major role in beginning drug and alcohol use, continuing drug abuse, or relapse in patients recovering from addiction and alcoholism.
- To do better. The increasing pressure that some individuals feel to chemically enhance or improve their athletic or cognitive performance can similarly play a role in initial experimentation and continued drug abuse.
- Curiosity and “because others are doing it.” In this respect adolescents are particularly vulnerable because of the strong influence of peer pressure; they are more likely, for example, to engage in “thrilling” and “daring” behaviors.
